Mathematical functions

The following mathematical functions are available for numeric types.

Function	Return type	Description
abs(numeric_type)	numeric_type	Returns the absolute value of the argument.
cbrt(double precision)	double precision	Returns the cube root of the argument.
ceil(numeric) / ceil(double precision)	Same as argument type	Rounds the value up to the nearest integer.
ceiling(numeric) / ceiling(double precision)	Same as argument type	Alias for ceil.
degrees(double precision)	double precision	Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
div(y numeric, x numeric)	numeric	Returns the integer quotient of y / x truncated toward zero.
erf(double precision)	double precision	Returns the Gauss error function of the argument.
erfc(double precision)	double precision	Returns the complementary error function 1 - erf(x).
exp(numeric) / exp(double precision)	Same as argument type	Returns e raised to the given power.
factorial(bigint)	numeric	Returns the factorial of the argument.
floor(numeric) / floor(double precision)	Same as argument type	Rounds the value down to the nearest integer.
gamma(double precision)	double precision	Returns the gamma function, a generalized factorial.
gcd(numeric_type, numeric_type)	numeric_type	Returns the greatest common divisor of the arguments.
lcm(numeric_type, numeric_type)	numeric_type	Returns the least common multiple of the arguments.
lgamma(double precision)	double precision	Returns the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function.
ln(numeric) / ln(double precision)	Same as argument type	Returns the natural logarithm of the argument.
log(double precision) / log(numeric)	Same as argument type	Returns the base-10 logarithm of the argument.
log(b numeric, x numeric)	numeric	Returns the logarithm of x to base b.
log10(numeric) / log10(double precision)	Same as argument type	Alias for the base-10 logarithm.
min_scale(numeric)	integer	Returns the minimum scale (fractional digits) required to represent the value exactly.
mod(y numeric_type, x numeric_type)	numeric_type	Returns the remainder of y / x.
pi()	double precision	Returns the constant π.
power(a, b)	numeric / double precision	Returns a raised to the power of b.
radians(double precision)	double precision	Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
round(numeric) / round(double precision)	Same as argument type	Rounds the value to the nearest integer.
round(v numeric, s integer)	numeric	Rounds v to s decimal places (negative s rounds to the left of the decimal point).
scale(numeric)	integer	Returns the number of fractional digits in the value.
sign(numeric) / sign(double precision)	Same as argument type	Returns -1, 0, or +1 depending on the sign of the value.
sqrt(numeric) / sqrt(double precision)	Same as argument type	Returns the square root of the argument.
trim_scale(numeric)	numeric	Removes trailing zeros from the fractional part of the value.
trunc(numeric) / trunc(double precision)	Same as argument type	Truncates the value toward zero (returns the integer part).
trunc(v numeric, s integer)	numeric	Truncates v to s decimal places.
width_bucket(operand, low, high, count)	integer	Returns the bucket number for operand in an equi-width histogram from low to high with count buckets.
width_bucket(operand, thresholds array)	integer	Returns the bucket number for operand using an array of lower bounds as thresholds.

Random number and seed functions

These functions generate pseudo-random values and control the random sequence.

Function	Return type	Description
random()	double precision	Returns a pseudo-random value between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive).
random(min integer, max integer)	integer	Returns a pseudo-random integer between min and max (inclusive).
random(min bigint, max bigint)	bigint	Returns a pseudo-random bigint between min and max (inclusive).
random(min numeric, max numeric)	numeric	Returns a pseudo-random numeric value between min and max (inclusive); precision matches the more precise argument.
random_normal([mean double precision, stddev double precision])	double precision	Returns a pseudo-random value from a normal (Gaussian) distribution. Defaults: mean = 0, stddev = 1.
setseed(double precision)	void	Sets the seed for random() and random_normal(). The seed must be between -1.0 and 1.0.

Trigonometric functions

These functions operate on angles and return trigonometric values in radians or degrees.

Function	Description
acos(double precision)	Returns the inverse cosine of the argument, in radians.
acosd(double precision)	Returns the inverse cosine of the argument, in degrees.
asin(double precision)	Returns the inverse sine of the argument, in radians.
asind(double precision)	Returns the inverse sine of the argument, in degrees.
atan(double precision)	Returns the inverse tangent of the argument, in radians.
atand(double precision)	Returns the inverse tangent of the argument, in degrees.
atan2(y double precision, x double precision)	Returns the inverse tangent of y / x, in radians.
atan2d(y double precision, x double precision)	Returns the inverse tangent of y / x, in degrees.
cos(double precision)	Returns the cosine of an angle given in radians.
cosd(double precision)	Returns the cosine of an angle given in degrees.
cot(double precision)	Returns the cotangent of an angle in radians.
cotd(double precision)	Returns the cotangent of an angle in degrees.
sin(double precision)	Returns the sine of an angle in radians.
sind(double precision)	Returns the sine of an angle in degrees.
tan(double precision)	Returns the tangent of an angle in radians.
tand(double precision)	Returns the tangent of an angle in degrees.

Hyperbolic functions

These functions compute hyperbolic values and their inverses.

Function	Description
sinh(double precision)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of the argument.
cosh(double precision)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the argument.
tanh(double precision)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the argument.
asinh(double precision)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of the argument.
acosh(double precision)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the argument.
atanh(double precision)	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the argument.